Proportionality

Part I. Constitutional Rights: Scope and Limitations: 1. Constitutional rights: scope and the extent of its protection; 2. Determining the scope of constitutional rights; 3. Conflicting constitutional rights; 4. Limitation of constitutional rights; 5. Limiting constitutional rights by law; Part II. Proportionality: Sources, Nature, Function: 6. The nature and function of proportionality; 7. The historical origins of proportionality; 8. The legal sources of proportionality; Part III. The Components of Proportionality: 9. Proper purpose; 10. Rational connection; 11. Necessity; 12. Proportionality stricto sensu (balancing); 13. Proportionality and reasonableness; 14. Zone of proportionality: legislator and judge; 15. Proportionality and positive constitutional rights; 16. The burden of proof; Part IV. Proportionality Evaluated: 17. Proportionality's importance; 18. The criticism on proportionality and a retort; 19. Alternatives to proportionality; 20. The future of proportionality.