The Law of Territorial Waters of Mid-Ocean Archipelagos and Archipelagic States

I. Introduction.- II. General Discussion of Traditional Terms and Governing Concepts Regarding Law of the Sea.- Internal Waters.- Territorial Sea.- Baselines.- Innocent Passage.- Contiguous Zone.- Continental Shelf.- High Seas.- III. General Discussion of the Law of Territorial Waters of Islands and Coastal Archipelagos as distinguished from the Law of Territorial Waters of Mid ocean Archipelagos and Archipelagic States.- Definitions.- Of an Island.- Of an Archipelago.- An Island Adjacent to a Coast.- Artificial Structures as Islands.- Islands, Rocks, Promontories that are Part of a Coastal Configuration.- Controversies Arising Out of the Legal Treatment of Groups of Offshore Islands.- IV. A Review of the Historical and Traditional Approaches to the Application of the Law of Territorial Waters of Mid-Ocean Archipelagos and Archipelagic States.- Private Scientific and Scholarly Organizations.- L’Institut de Droit International.- International Law Association.- American Institute of International Law.- The Harvard Research in International Law.- The Hague Codification Conference, 1930 (Conference for the Codification of International Law, League of Nations).- Preparatory Work of the International Law Commission.- Geneva Conference on the Law of the Sea, 1958.- Customary International Law.- Treaties as Evidence of Customary International Law.- Legislative and Executive Decrees, Declarations and the Practice of States.- Publicists and Legal Writers Usually State the Problem in Traditional Terms.- Leading Law Review Articles Treat the Problem in Traditional Terms.- V. Proposed Solutions to the Problem, in General.- The Guidelines of the Archipelagic States, Dated March 14, 1973.- The Formal Proposal of the Archipelagic States, Dated August 6, 1973.- The United Kingdom Proposal as Representative of the Views of the General Maritime States.- The Geographers’ Proposals.- VI. On the Emerging Definition of an Archipelagic State.- The Philippines.- The Philippine Declaration.- The Philippine Declaration in Practice.- Indonesia.- The Indonesian Declaration.- The Indonesian Declaration in Practice.- An Archipelagic State Defined.- VII. A Proposed Recommendation for Determining the Territorial Waters of Archipelagos (Whether Constituting a single state or portion of a state).- The Classic Problem of the Resolution of Conflicting Interests in the Law of the Sea: Special Interests v. General Interests.- Limitations on the Use of Precedent.- Proposed Solution.- Fishing Rights.- Mineral Rights.- Non-Resource Uses of the Sea: Customs, Fiscal Policy, Immigration, Sanitation, Communications (internal and external) and Pollution Control.- Appendixes.- Table of Cases.