William Stallings
5G Wireless
A Comprehensive Introduction
E-book Engels 2021 9780136767282
Verwachte levertijd ongeveer 9 werkdagen
Samenvatting
Gain a Deep, Practical Understanding of 5G Technology, Applications, Architecture, Standards, and Ecosystem
The 5G ultra-high-speed wireless communication standard is a major technological leap forward--substantially increasing speed and capacity, enhancing current use cases, and making many new applications practical. For technical professionals, managers, and students, 5G requires significant new knowledge and expertise. In 5G Wireless: A Comprehensive Introduction, renowned information technology author William Stallings presents a comprehensive and unified explanation of 5G's key applications, technologies, and standards.
Like Stallings' other award-winning texts, this guide will help you quickly find the information and gain the mastery to succeed with critical new technology. Stallings first explains how cellular networks have evolved through 4G and now 5G, and surveys 5G's application areas and use cases. Next, he thoroughly introduces the 5G core network, covering SDN, NFV, network slicing, QoS, and edge computing--and provides a detailed coverage of the 5G air interface and radio access network. Throughout, key concepts are illuminated through realistic examples, review questions help you test your understanding, and references support further exploration.
Understand the 5G ecosystem, its building blocks, standards, and R&D roadmaps Explore the Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) use case, where 5G enhances 4G in applications such as smart offices and dense urban communications Learn how Massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC) and Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (URLCC) support new applications such as fog, IoT, and cloud Discover how 5G NextGen core (backbone) networks serve and interconnect wireless access networks that connect user devices Master key 5G NR Air Interface and Radio Access Network (RAN) concepts, including millimeter-wave transmission, MIMO antennas, and OFDM multiplexing
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<div> Preface xxiv </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> PART I: OVERVIEW </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 1: Cellular Networks: Concepts and Evolution 2 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks 2 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 1.2 Cellular Network Concepts 4 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Cellular Organization 4 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Network System Elements 10 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Operation of Cellular Systems 11 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 1.3 First Generation (1G) 14 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 1.4 Second Generation (2G) 15 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Time-Division Multiple Access 16 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> GSM Architecture 17 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Radio Link Aspects 20 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 1.5 Third Generation (3G) 20 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Code-Division Multiple Access 21 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 3G Architecture 21 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 1.6 Fourth Generation (4G) 24 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> E-UTRAN 26 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> LTE-Advanced Transmission Characteristics 29 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Evolved Packet Core 33 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 1.7 Key Terms and Review Questions 34 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Key Terms 34 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Review Questions 35 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 2: 5G Standards and Specifications 36 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 2.1 ITU-R and IMT-2020 37 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> International Mobile Telecommunications 38 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Capabilities 38 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Usage Scenarios 41 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Use Cases 43 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Evaluation 46 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 2.2 ITU-T and IMT-2020 57 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Requirements 57 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Network Slicing 59 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Fixed Mobile Convergence 61 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> IMT-2020 Core Network Framework 62 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 2.3 3GPP 65 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 3GPP Releases 69 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Detailed Requirements 70 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 2.4 Key Terms and Review Questions 72 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Key Terms 72 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Review Questions 73 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 2.5 References and Documents 74 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References 74 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Documents 74 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 3: Overview of 5G Use Cases and Architecture 76 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 3.1 5G Use Cases 77 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> ITU-R 77 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 5G Americas 77 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> NGMA Alliance 79 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 3.2 NGMN 5G Architecture Framework 81 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Layered Functionality 82 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Network Slicing 85 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 3.3 3GPP 5G Architecture 87 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 5G Core Network Architecture 87 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Radio Access Network Architecture 94 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Session Establishment 97 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 3.4 Key Terms and Review Questions 98 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Key Terms 98 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Review Questions 99 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 3.5 References and Documents 99 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References 99 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Documents 100 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> PART II: USE CASES AND APPLICATIONS </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 4: Enhanced Mobile Broadband 102 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 4.1 eMBB Deployment Scenarios 103 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Indoor Hotspot 104 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Dense Urban 105 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Rural 105 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 4.2 eMBB Performance Characteristics 105 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Data Rate Requirements 106 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Spectral Efficiency Requirements 107 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Latency Requirements 108 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Mobility Requirements 108 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> System Requirements 109 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 4.3 Smart Office: An Indoor Hotspot Use Case 110 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 4.4 Dense Urban Information Society: A Dense Urban Use Case 111 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 4.5 Radiocommunication Systems Between Train and Trackside: A Rural eMBB Use Case 113 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Elements of RSTT 114 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Applications of RSTT 114 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Broadband Connectivity for Passengers 116 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Linear Cell Architecture 117 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 4.6 Key Terms and Review Questions 118 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Key Terms 118 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Review Questions 118 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 4.7 References and Documents 119 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References 119 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Documents 119 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 5: Massive Machine Type Communications 122 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 5.1 mMTC Performance Requirements 123 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 5.2 The Internet of Things 124 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> The Scope of the Internet of Things 125 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Things on the Internet of Things 128 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Components of IoT-Enabled Things 128 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Constrained Devices 129 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> IoT and Cloud Context 130 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 5.3 Relationship Between mMTC and the IoT 133 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 5.4 Relationship Between mMTC and NB-IoT and eMTC 135 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Comparison of NB-IoT and eMTC 135 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Low-Power Wide Area (LPWA) 136 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 5.5 Smart Agriculture 138 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Model of IoT Deployment 138 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Use Cases 140 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Precision Crop Management 145 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Network Performance Requirements 150 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 5.6 Smart Cities 150 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Smart City Use Cases 151 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> ICT Architecture for Smart Cities 158 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Network Performance Requirements 160 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 5.7 Key Terms and Review Questions 162 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Key Terms 162 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Review Questions 163 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 5.8 References and Documents 163 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References 163 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Documents 164 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 6: Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications 166 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 6.1 URLLC Performance Requirements 167 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Latency 168 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Mobility 169 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Reliability 170 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> NGMN Definitions 170 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 6.2 URLLC Use Cases in Emerging Mission-Critical Applications 171 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Industrial Automation 171 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Ground Vehicles, Drones, and Robots 171 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Tactile Interaction 171 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality 172 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Emergencies, Disasters, and Public Safety 176 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Urgent Healthcare 176 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Intelligent Transportation 177 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 6.3 URLLC Applications Based on Performance Requirements 178 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Higher Reliability and Lower Latency 179 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Higher Reliability, Higher Availability, and Lower Latency 180 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Very Low Latency 181 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Higher Accuracy Positioning 181 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Higher Availability 181 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Mission-Critical Services 182 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 6.4 Industry 4.0 182 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Factory Automation Architecture 183 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Application Areas 185 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Use Cases 187 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Performance Requirements 189 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 6.5 Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management 191 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> UTM Architecture 192 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 5G Performance Requirements for UTM 194 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 6.6 Key Terms and Review Questions 197 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Key Terms 197 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Review Questions 198 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 6.7 References and Documents 199 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References 199 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Documents 199 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> PART III: 5G NEXTGEN CORE NETWORK </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 7: Software-Defined Networking 202 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 7.1 Evolving Network Requirements 203 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 7.2 The SDN Approach 204 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Modern Network Requirements 204 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> SDN Architecture 204 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Characteristics of Software-Defined Networking 207 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 7.3 SDN Data Plane 207 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Data Plane Functions 207 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Data Plane Protocols 209 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 7.4 OpenFlow 209 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Flow Table Structure 211 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Flow Table Pipeline 214 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> The Use of Multiple Tables 216 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Group Table 217 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> OpenFlow Protocol 217 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 7.5 SDN Control Plane 218 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Control Plane Functions 218 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Southbound Interface 220 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Northbound Interface 220 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Eastbound Interface 223 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Westbound Interface 224 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 7.6 SDN Application Plane 225 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Application Plane Architecture 225 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Northbound Interface 226 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Network Services Abstraction Layer 226 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Network Applications 226 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> User Interface 230 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 7.7 Key Terms and Review Questions 230 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Key Terms 230 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Review Questions 231 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 7.8 References and Documents 231 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References 231 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Documents 232 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 8: Network Functions Virtualization 234 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 8.1 Background and Motivation for NFV 235 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 8.2 Virtual Machines and Containers 236 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Hypervisor 236 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Architectural Approaches 238 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Container Virtualization 241 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 8.3 NFV Concepts 242 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Simple Example of the Use of NFV 245 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> NFV Principles 246 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> High-Level NFV Framework 246 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 8.4 NFV Benefits and Requirements 248 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> NFV Benefits 248 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> NFV Requirements 249 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 8.5 NFV Reference Architecture 250 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> NFV Management and Orchestration 251 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Reference Points 251 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 8.6 NFV Infrastructure 252 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Container Interface 253 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Deployment of NFVI Containers 256 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Logical Structure of NFVI Domains 257 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Compute Domain 258 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Hypervisor Domain 260 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Infrastructure Network Domain 261 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 8.7 Virtualized Network Functions 263 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> VNF Interfaces 263 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> VNFC-to-VNFC Communication 264 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> VNF Scaling 266 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 8.8 SDN and NFV 267 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 8.9 Key Terms and Review Questions 269 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Key Terms 269 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Review Questions 270 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 8.10 References and Documents 271 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References 271 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Documents 271 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 9: Core Network Functionality, QoS, and Network Slicing 272 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 9.1 Core Network Requirements 273 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Network Operational Requirements 273 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Basic Network Requirements 275 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 9.2 Core Network Functional Architecture 279 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Tunneling 281 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> PDU Session Establishment 283 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Policy Control Function 287 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 9.3 Quality of Service 291 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> QoS Capabilities 291 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> QoS Architectural Framework 294 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> QoS Classification, Marking, and Differentiation 297 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 3GPP QoS Architecture 298 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> QoS Parameters 299 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> QoS Characteristics 301 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Standardized 5QI-to-QoS Characteristic Mapping 303 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 9.4 Network Slicing 307 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Network Slicing Concepts 308 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Requirements for Network Slicing 310 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Identifying and Selecting a Network Slice 312 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Functional Aspects of Network Slicing 313 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Generic Slice Template 314 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 9.5 SDN and NFV Support for 5G 315 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 9.6 Key Terms and Review Questions 319 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Key Terms 319 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Review Questions 319 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 9.7 References and Documents 320 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References 320 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Documents 320 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 10: Multi-Access Edge Computing 322 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 10.1 MEC and 5G 323 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 10.2 MEC Architectural Concepts 324 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 10.3 ETSI MEC Architecture 327 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Design Principles 328 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> MEC System Reference Architecture 329 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Related Elements 332 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 10.4 MEC in NFV 333 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> MEC Components Implemented as VNFs 333 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> MEC Components Replaced by NFV Components 335 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> MEC System-Level Components 335 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 10.5 MEC Support for Network Slicing 335 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 10.6 MEC Use Cases 336 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Consumer-Oriented Services 337 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Operator and Third-Party Services 342 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Network Performance and QoS Improvements 344 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 10.7 3GPP Architecture for Enabling Edge Applications 349 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> EDGEAPP Functional Architecture 350 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Synergized Mobile Edge Cloud Architecture 352 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 10.8 Key Terms and Review Questions 353 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Key Terms 353 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Review Questions 353 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 10.9 References and Documents 354 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References 354 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Documents 355 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> PART IV: 5G NR AIR INTERFACE AND RADIO ACCESS NETWORK </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 11: Wireless Transmission 356 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 11.1 Channel Capacity 357 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Nyquist Bandwidth 357 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Shannon Capacity Formula 358 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 11.2 Line-of-Sight Transmission 361 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Refraction 362 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Optical and Radio Line of Sight 363 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 11.3 Line-of-Sight Transmission Impairments 364 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Attenuation 364 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Free Space Loss 365 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Path Loss Exponent in Practical Cellular Systems 368 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Noise 369 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> The Expression Eb/N0 372 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Atmospheric Absorption 374 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Multipath 375 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Refraction 376 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 11.4 Fading in the Mobile Environment 376 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Multipath Propagation 376 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> The Effects of Multipath Propagation 377 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Types of Fading 378 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> The Fading Channel 379 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 11.5 Millimeter Wave Transmission for 5G 381 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Propagation Impairments 381 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Implications for 5G 385 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 11.6 Key Terms and Review Questions 387 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Key Terms 387 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Review Questions 388 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 11.7 References 389 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> ANNEX 11A: Decibels and Signal Strength 389 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 12: Antennas 394 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 12.1 Channel Correction Mechanisms 394 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Adaptive Equalization 395 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Diversity Techniques 396 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Adaptive Modulation and Coding 398 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Forward Error Correction 398 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 12.2 Introduction to Antennas 399 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Radiation Patterns 399 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Antenna Types 401 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Antenna Gain 406 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 12.3 Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output (MIMO) Antennas 407 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> MIMO Principles 408 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Multiple-User MIMO 410 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 12.4 Advanced Cellular Antennas 411 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Evolution of Cellular Antennas 411 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Beamforming 412 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Active Antenna Systems 416 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Massive MIMO 417 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 12.5 Key Terms and Review Questions 420 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Key Terms 420 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Review Questions 421 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 12.6 References 422 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 13: Air Interface Physical Layer 424 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 13.1 Modulation Schemes 424 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Modulation 425 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Amplitude-Shift Keying 425 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Frequency-Shift Keying 426 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Phase-Shift Keying 426 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 433 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> pi/2-BPSK 437 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 13.2 OFDM, OFDMA, and SC-FDMA 438 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 438 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> OFDM Implementation 441 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Difficulties of OFDM 444 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access 445 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Single-Carrier FDMA 446 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 13.3 Waveforms and Numerologies 448 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Numerology 448 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> CP-OFDM 449 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> DFT-S-OFDM 450 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 13.4 Key Terms and Review Questions 451 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Key Terms 451 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Review Questions 452 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 13.5 References and Documents 453 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References 453 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Documents 453 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> ANNEX 13A: Multiplexing and Multiple Access 453 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Multiplexing 453 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Multiple Access 455 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 14: Air Interface Channel Coding 456 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 14.1 Transmission Errors 457 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Error Burst 457 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Data Transmission Channels 458 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 14.2 Forward Error Correction 460 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Block Error Correction 460 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Hamming Distance 462 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 14.3 Parity-Check Matrix Codes 466 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Encoding 469 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Error Detection 470 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Error Correction 470 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 14.4 Low-Density Parity-Check Codes 471 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Code Construction 472 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Error Correction 473 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Encoding 476 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 14.5 Polar Coding 476 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Polar Encoder 477 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Synthetic Channels 479 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Decoding 483 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 14.6 3GPP Channel Coding Specification 484 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check Codes 485 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Polar Coding with CRC 486 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 14.7 Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request 488 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 14.8 Key Terms and Review Questions 490 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Key Terms 490 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Review Questions 490 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 14.9 References and Documents 491 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References 491 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Documents 492 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 15: 5G Radio Access Network 494 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 15.1 Overall RAN Architecture 494 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 15.2 RAN–Core Functional Split 499 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> RAN Functional Areas 500 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Core Functional Areas 501 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 15.3 RAN Channel Structure 502 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Logical Channel 503 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Transport Channels 503 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Physical Channels 504 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 15.4 RAN Protocol Architecture 505 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Air Interface Protocol Architecture 505 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Channel Structure 508 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> RAN–Core Network Interface Protocol Architecture 509 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Xn Interface Protocol Architecture 511 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 15.5 NG RAN Transport Network 512 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 15.6 Integrated Access and Backhaul 517 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> IAB Architecture 519 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Parent/Child Relationship 520 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> IAB Protocol Architecture 520 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 15.7 Key Terms and Review Questions 523 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Key Terms 523 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Review Questions 524 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 15.8 References and Documents 525 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References 525 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Documents 525 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> PART V: APPENDIXES </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Appendix A: Review Questions and Solutions 528 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Appendix B: Glossary 594 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Appendix C: Acronyms 604 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Index 608 </div> <div> <br> </div>
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